Potential Cognitive and Memory Enhancing Property of the Caulerpa Lentillifera (Lato) & Kappaphycus Alvarezii (Guso).

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale It is true that some(a) of us get more(prenominal) light as we age. It whitethorn take era-consuming to learn new things, remember trusted words, or find our glasses. These changes ar a lot signs of forgetfulness. Brain scientists believe that the effects of expression maturement on entrepot whitethorn result from the subtly changing environs within the humor. With aging, the oral sex seems to lose cells in areas that produce important neurotransmitters, upsetting the points delic consume balance of these chemic messengers.Other changes occur in the chiefs white matter, which is made up of nerve cell fibers, the telephone cables of brain cells through which communication with other cells takes place. vindicatory how these changes affect storehouse is not in on the whole clear, save it may be that they slack the efficiency of cell-to-cell communication. What the scientist make outs is as we get older, our genial ability to lay d own fresh memories may be affected, making it more punishing to learn new things.Its not so much that we forget more easily, but that we may take long-life to learn the teaching in the prime(prenominal) place A lot of studies collect been made in different message for its potential berth on enhancing computer storage and cognition. Docosahexaenoic vitriolic is one of them. DHA is the almost great dealive omega-3 fat person acid in the brain. DHA is believe that it could maintain computer storage and brave overall cognitive health. A carotenoid videlicet fucoxanthin increase the measure DHA in the biologic establishment without intake of fish oil supplementation.It is also consider that low carotenoid levels could find a role in cognitive impairment. Phytochemicals such as antioxidants polyphenolic compounds flavonoids occur all over in foods of vegetation argument like fruits and vegetable, carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C lead also a possible in improvin g age- related to neuro reproducible dysfunction. These substances could also be open in marine alga and other marine organism. DHA is mostly constitute in the fish oil but the DHA originates from the photosynthetic and heterotrophic microalga and macroalgae that the fish ate and other marine creature.Phytochemical such as flavonoids is found also in algae. cognize about this at that place could be a orifice for its computer memory and cognitive enhancing property. eating seaweeds could make up its benefits. It is time to get to know the seaweeds known in the Filipino tables which are Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot although everyone calls it a seaweed, lukot is anything but a the secretions of the creature dongsul/ocean hare (Dolabella auricularia) and it is not an algae but it eats algae.With all this entropy there could be a possibility for its memory and cognitive enhancing property. Thus this cartoon is to be conducted. A. kappaph ycus alvarezii (Guso)B. Caulerpa lentillifera (Lato) www. ruffordsmallgrants. orgwww. backpackingphilippines. com C. globe mass of ocean Hare (Dolabella auriculari) (Lukot) www. marketmanila. com Fig. 1 A, B, C oceanweeds and Egg Mass Used in the Experiments impersonal of the StudyThis use up aims to determine the memory and cognitive enhancing properties of Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and nut mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on mature albino mice. 1. To determine the ordinary time at which the mice were able to plump out the task after the allotted issue for the intake of the pigeon pellets, Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). 2.To compare which of the treatment Caulerpa Lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and lukot egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) have more cognitive and memory enhancing property. Significance of the Study The magnific ence of the study is to help us let out the potential cognitive and memory enhancing property of the Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso). Once its memory-cognition enhancing property is determine, this study promotes the intake of edible eaweeds and other marine creatures to be part of the diet of average Filipino citizen like the Japanese people. Incorporating it through our effortless meals could be use as a preventive measure away from dementia, Alzheimers and other memory-cognitive castigate diseases. Moreover this study leave behind present additional information to the other researchers with their studies in improving the memory & cognition and those researchers doing investigation & experimentation on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso)and egg mass of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia). background and Limitation The study only focuses on Caulerpa lentillifera (lato), Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and and egg mass (lukot) of Se a Hare (Dolabella auricularia) and its cognitive-memory enhancing property. The seaweeds and the egg mass will be purchased in Carbon Public Market. The experimentation will takes place in University of San Carlos- living creature House, Pharmacological shielding Room where there is sufficient air, light and ventilation and the examen period will take 20 days.The mature albino white mice will be coming from one single reference book and will weigh 25-30grams. The method will be use in mensuration memory and cognition will be Morris Water Maze. The time that the rat reaches the political program is used as the basis of abbreviation on the memory-cognitive enhancing property. This study only show information on the effectiveness of the macroalgae Caulerpa lentillifera (lato) & Kappaphycus alvarezii (guso) and egg mass (lukot) of Sea Hare(Dolabella auricularia) on their cognitive-memory enhancing property. interpretation of TermsCognition- A term referring to the mental proces ses involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, opinion and problem-solving. DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid )-An omega-3, polyunsaturated, 22-carbon fatty acid found almost exclusively in fish and marine animal oils. Latency- The amount of time a message takes to traverse a system. Memory- Refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain and afterwards retrieve information. There are one-third study processes involved in memory encoding, storage and retrieval.Non-sequential- Not in logical order or sequence. Spatial- With reference to set or arrangement in space. Quasi-random- A low-discrepancy sequence. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED belles-lettres One of the memory & cognition defy is caused by aerobic stress and epigenetic changes. two-fold lines of evidence suggest that progressive aerobic constipation is a conserved, central instrument of age-related functional decline moreover genes that negotiate oxidative s tress responses and DNA damage repair constitute the largest class of genes up regulated in the ageing homo prefrontal cortex.Dietary antioxidants can capture many age-related gene expressions and can tailor cognitive decline and prevent oxidative damage to the brain in ageing rats (Bishop et al. , 2010). Eating food rich in phytochemicals improves the aged-related neurological dysfunction including the most devastating of these, are Alzheimers disease AD and Parkinsons disease PD.Phytochemicals such as consumption of dietary antioxidants polyphenolic compounds (flavonoids) occur ubiquitously in foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetable), Carotenoids, vitamin E and vitamin C (Youdim and Joseph, 2001) A study was done showing the alliance between cognitive performance (assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol Substitution, flick Tapping Test, and Word Fluency Test) and different plasma carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, b-cryptoxanth in, lycopene, a-carotene, and trans-bcarotene and cis-b-carotene) in a healthy older population.Logistic regression showed that participants with the lowest cognitive functioning (25th percentile) had a higher luck of having low levels of specific plasma carotenoids (,1st quartile) lycopene and zeaxanthin. This shows that low carotenoid level in the blood could be the cause of cognitive impairment. (Akbaraly, et al. 2007). Fucoxanthum a carotenoid extracted in macroalgae by using of small-grained seaweed (Undaria Pinnatifida) with anaesthetize/methanol (21) v/v. Undaria lipids containing the Fucoxanthin 9. 6% was obtained from the powdered seaweed while 78% from the crude.Fucoxanthin also enhances the amount of DHA in the liver. This shows the chance of dietary fucoxanthin stimulate increase DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in biological system without direct DHA supplementation. DHA is naturally originate in the body in small amounts, and is the most plenteous omega 3 fatty acid in the brain. DHA oil is abundant in some marine microalgae (Miyashita, et al. 2008). A Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA ameliorate learning and memory function in age related cognitive decline (ARCD) and is a unspoiled supplement that supports cognitive health with aging and with Alzheimers disease.The omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are orthomolecular, conditionally requisite nutrients that enhance quality of life and move the risk of premature death. They function exclusively via cell membranes, in which they are anchored by phospholipid molecules. DHA is proven essential to pre- and postnatal brain development, whereas EPA seems more influential on style and mood. Both DHA and EPA generate neuroprotective metabolites.In doubleblind, randomized, controlled trials, DHA and EPA combinations have been shown to benefit attention deficit/hyperactivity rowdiness (AD/HD), autism, dyspraxia, dyslexia, and aggression. Fo r the affective disorders, meta-analyses confirm benefits in major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder, with promising results in schizophrenia and initial benefit for delimitation personality disorder. Accelerated cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) correspond with lowered tissue levels of DHA/EPA, and supplementation has improved cognitive function. Altern Med Rev, 2007). Twenty weaning Sprague Dawley (SD) womanish rats were randomly divided into two hosts and ply either with a diet that was adapted in LNA (n-3 Adq) or with a diet that was deficient in LNA (n-3 Def). In the MWM test, the outflow latency of both groups gradually change magnitude over the testing period, indicating an improvement in performance for both groups. In general, the n-3 Adq group had shorter latencies to locate the escape platform than the n-3-Def rats (P